पूषा
Pushan: The Guardian Deity of Travelers and Protector of Paths
Pushan is an important deity in the Vedic pantheon, often invoked for safety and prosperity, especially by those embarking on journeys. As the guardian of roads, Pushan is revered for his ability to remove dangers from the path, ensuring the safety of travelers, herds, and flocks. Known as the “guardian of travelers” and the “son of deliverance,” Pushan’s protection extends over cattle, which he shepherds home safely, symbolizing his role as a nurturer and protector of life.
Attributes of Pushan
The name Pushan itself means “prosperer,” underscoring his association with growth, bounty, and well-being. He is depicted with braided hair and a beard, carrying a golden spear, an awl, and a goad, which highlight his roles as both protector and guide. Pushan is also a great charioteer, and his chariot is uniquely drawn by goats. Additionally, he is associated with golden aerial ships and serves as a messenger of the Sun god, Surya.
His role as a protector goes beyond physical safety, extending to guiding souls after death. Pushan is believed to lead the deceased along the path to their ancestors, playing a significant part in the Vedic conception of the afterlife.
Rituals and Offerings to Pushan
Pushan is prominently mentioned in various Vedic texts, including the Rigveda and Yajurveda. In the Rigveda (10.85), he appears in connection with the marriage ceremony, particularly in the wedding hymn. It remains uncertain whether Pushan is simply the deity who bestows the bride (the sun-maiden Surya) upon the groom or if he is the groom himself. Pushan is also praised in the Yajurveda, where he receives offerings in rituals, especially in the Ashwamedha Yagna (horse-sacrifice). One peculiar detail is that during this ritual, the rectum of the horse is dedicated to Pushan, indicating his unique place in Vedic ceremonies.
Pushan’s Connection to Other Gods
In some hymns, Pushan is described as the brother of Indra, the king of the gods, highlighting his divine familial ties. He is also praised alongside other deities, indicating his close association with various divine powers. One interesting story about Pushan involves a conflict with Shiva. During a celestial sacrifice, the gods neglected to allocate a portion of the offering to Shiva, which angered him. In his rage, Shiva broke Pushan’s teeth. Later, after being pacified, Shiva restored Pushan’s teeth, thus resolving the conflict.
Pushan’s Symbolism and Significance
Pushan’s duties and attributes make him a multifaceted deity. He not only protects travelers and shepherds but also plays a central role in maintaining prosperity and guiding the dead to their ancestors. His connection with the sun and marriage rituals further emphasizes his importance in daily life and cosmic order.
The imagery of Pushan, with his chariot drawn by goats and his association with gold, goats, and the sun, suggests a deity who bridges both the physical and spiritual realms. He ensures safety in both this world and the next, reflecting the Vedic belief in the interconnectedness of life, death, and prosperity.