This story from the Mahabharata (Maha:3.184) narrated by the sage Markandeya to the Pandavas during their exile illustrates the divine right of kingship. It tells of King Vainya, who was performing a great Yagna, offering wealth to Brahmanas. Sage Atri, initially hesitant due to potential quarrels, attended and praised the king, claiming that the king was like Indra, controlling the destiny of his subjects. When challenged by Gautama, the debate was resolved by sage Sanatkumara, who confirmed the king’s divine role, comparing him to Vishnu in protecting and guiding the people.
Connections to Hindu Mythology:
- Divine Right of Kings: This story mirrors the concept of the king as a divine entity, much like the Sun God Surya dispels darkness. This belief connects to other rulers in Indian mythology, such as Lord Rama, who is seen as a protector of Dharma, and King Harishchandra, known for his unwavering commitment to truth and justice, often representing idealized kingship.
- The Role of Sages: Sage Atri’s eulogy of King Vainya aligns with the importance of sages in Indian mythology, where they often guide or test kings. Similar stories include Vishwamitra’s role in training Rama or Durvasa’s trials of Indra, highlighting the intricate connection between sages and rulers in maintaining social and moral order.